A steel structure refers to load-bearing frameworks fabricated from steel plates, hot-rolled sections, or cold-formed profiles, primarily composed of beams, columns, and connecting components . The I-beam, a key component, offers exceptional bending resistance due to its optimized cross-sectional shape. Connections between members typically use welding or high-strength bolts—welding ensures airtightness for pressure vessels, while bolted joints facilitate disassembly and maintenance .
Widely applied in large-span buildings, high-rises, and industrial plants, steel structures excel in scenarios requiring heavy load capacity. For example, single-story factory buildings integrate steel roof trusses, crane beams, and column bracings to form spatial systems that bear equipment loads and seismic forces . Compared to reinforced concrete structures, steel frameworks achieve the same bearing capacity with 1/4 to 1/3 the weight, making them ideal for skyscrapers and long-span bridges .
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